A red eye is an eye that appears red due to illness or injury. It is usually injection and prominence of the superficial blood vessels of the conjunctiva, which may be caused by disorders of these or adjacent structures. Conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage are two of the less serious but more common causes.

Causes of Red Eye

The appearance of red eyes is caused by dilation of tiny blood vessels located between the white surface of your eye and the overlying clear conjunctiva. These tiny blood vessels (many of which normally are invisible) can become swollen because of environmental or lifestyle-related reasons or because of specific eye problems.

Red eyes are usually caused by allergy, eye fatigue, over-wearing contact lenses, or common eye infections such as pink eye (conjunctivitis). However, redness of the eye sometimes can signal a more serious eye condition or disease, such as glaucoma.

Allergies

Outdoor triggers include pollen from grasses and trees. Indoor ones include pet dander, dust, and mold. In these cases, your eyes may also itch, burn, and tear up. You could also have nasal allergy symptoms, such as sneezing and a stuffy nose.

Broken blood vessels

This happens when tiny blood vessels break beneath the surface of your eye. The blood is trapped and makes the white of your eye turn bright red. It can be caused by a strong sneeze, heavy lifting, hard vomiting, or rubbing your eye a little too hard. You may be more likely to have broken blood vessels if you take blood-thinning medication, even a baby aspirin. Broken blood vessels can look scary but are generally harmless. There’s usually no pain. Broken blood vessels cause other symptoms like: a bright red area on your eye along with the general redness, a scratchy feeling.

Glaucoma

Fluid can build up in the front part of your eye. This causes pressure and can damage your optic nerve. The condition is called glaucoma. It’s the leading cause of blindness for people 60 and over. Glaucoma is usually painless. An unusual form of acute glaucoma can cause symptoms such as: severe pain in your eye, a headache, decreased or blurred vision, rainbows or halos in your vision, nausea and vomiting.

Environmental causes of red eyes include: airborne allergens (causing eye allergies), air pollution, smoke (fire-related, second-hand cigarette smoke, etc.), dry air (arid climates, airplane cabins, office buildings, etc.), dust, airborne fumes (gasoline, solvents, etc.), chemical exposure (chlorine in swimming pools, etc.), over exposure to sunlight (without UV-blocking sunglasses). Serious eye conditions that can cause red eyes include: eye infections, eye trauma or injury, recent eye surgery (LASIK, cosmetic eye surgery, etc.), uveitis, acute, corneal ulcer.

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